Electromechanical Energy Conversion Systems

Electromechanical Energy Conversion Systems

The Effect of Cation Distribution on Magnetic Properties of Zn1-x Fe1.2 [(MnxNi1-x)0.8 (CoxCu1-x)0.2]x+0.8O4 Ferrites and Determination of Optimal Magnetization

Document Type : Original Article

Author
Electronic and Instrumentation Research Department, Niroo Research Institute (NRI), Tehran, Iran
Abstract
A series of NiCuMnCo-substituted zinc ferrites with the chemical formula of Zn1-x Fe1.2 [(MnxNi1-x)0.8 (CoxCu1-x)0.2]x+0.8O4 (where x=0, 0.4 and 0.8) were prepared by the co-precipitation method. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis the single-phase cubic structure of samples was confirmed. The average crystallite size and lattice constant were obtained 6-9 nm and 8.386-8.399 Å, respectively. These parameters were increased with increasing x concentration. The field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that the average particle sizes were in the range of 11-14 nm. From hysteresis loops of samples, the magnetization was determined in a magnetic field of 8 kOe. The magnetization of un-calcined samples was not saturated. To reach saturation magnetization (Ms), all samples were calcined at 900◦C. The results indicated the increase in Ms with the enhancement of x contents. This behavior was discussed via the core-shell model, Neel's theory, and the site's occupation of the substituted cations on the sub-lattices. The results showed the maximum and minimum magnetization on the calcined sample with x = 0.8 and the un-calcined sample with x = 0.0, respectively. The quality of particles was calculated using the squareness ratio. Also, the variations of coercivity (Hc) for all samples were investigated. With increasing x values, the Hc of calcined samples was decreased. It was discussed by the multi-domain structure of samples. The calcined sample with x=0 showed maximum Hc. Generally, among all samples, the sample with x=0.8, due to maximum saturation magnetization and minimum Hc, can be suitable for high-frequency applications.
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  • Receive Date 10 June 2024
  • Revise Date 07 September 2024
  • Accept Date 11 September 2024